研究者詳細 - 遠藤　明仁

論文 - 遠藤　明仁

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The Effects of 1-Kestose on the Abundance of Inflammation-Related Gene mRNA in Adipose Tissue and the Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

KURAMITSU Kento, KADOTA Yoshihiro, WATANABE Ayako, ENDO Akihito, SHIMOMURA Yoshiharu, KITAURA Yasuyuki

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 70 ( 4 ) 311 - 317 2024年08月

記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：Center for Academic Publications Japan

Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is thought to contribute to insulin resistance, which involves the gut microbiota. Our previous studies have demonstrated that ingestion of 1-kestose can alter the gut microbiota composition, increase cecal butyrate levels, and improve insulin resistance in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Additionally, we found that 1-kestose supplementation ameliorated insulin resistance in obese rat models fed a high-fat diet (HFD), although the effects of 1-kestose on the abundance of inflammation-related gene in adipose tissue and gut microbiota composition in these rats were not explored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of 1-kestose on these parameters in HFD-fed rats, compared to OLETF rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two dietary groups, control or HFD, for 19 wk. Each group was further subdivided to receive either tap water or tap water supplemented with 2% (w/v) 1-kestose throughout the study. We evaluated gene expression in adipose tissue, as well as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels and microbial composition in the cecum contents. 1-Kestose intake restored the increased relative abundance of tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) mRNA in adipose tissue and the reduced level of butyrate in the cecum contents of HFD-fed rats to those observed in control diet-fed rats. Additionally, 1-kestose consumption changed the composition of the gut microbiota, increasing Butyricicoccus spp., decreasing UGC-005 and Streptococcus spp., in the cecum contents of HFD-fed rats. Our findings suggest that 1-kestose supplementation reduces adipose tissue inflammation and increases butyrate levels in the gut of HFD-fed rats, associated with changes in the gut microbiota composition, distinct from those seen in OLETF rats.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.70.311

PubMed

Technique for assessing the astringency of persimmon fruit by measuring the liposome aggregation

Kera Kota, Makino Shohei, Takeda Risako, Shimeno Aoi, Hojo Masaya, Hamasaki Sadahiro, Endo Akihito, Iijima Masumi, Nakayama Tsutomu

Food Science and Technology Research 30 ( 2 ) 195 - 204 2024年

記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology

The astringency of persimmon fruits is a significant factor for consumers and the nutritional industry. To date, astringents, such as polyphenols, specifically persimmon condensed tannins, have been assessed using polyphenol quantification assays, such as the Folin–Ciocalteu method, based on their reducing power. However, these methods are influenced by the presence of other reducing substances. In this study, we developed a cost-effective liposome turbidity analysis using a portable visible spectrophotometer based on the interaction between liposomes and astringents. Authentic astringents, such as catechins and theaflavin-3-O-gallate, were analyzed, and their half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) were calculated. These results indicated that the affinity to the membrane was similar to that of astringency, as determined by sensory analysis. Additionally, the EC50 values of partially purified tannins from non-astringent and astringent persimmons were calculated. In conclusion, we determined the application methods to assess astringent persimmon fruits with and without the removal of astringency.

DOI： 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-23-00189

Faecalibacterium hominis Liu et al. 2023 is a later heterotypic synonym of Faecalibacterium duncaniae Sakamoto et al. 2022

Mitsuo Sakamoto, Naomi Sakurai, Hiroki Tanno, Takao Iino, Moriya Ohkuma, Akihito Endo

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 73 ( 8 ) 2023年08月

出版者・発行元：Microbiology Society

<jats:p>A strain of the recently validated species <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.42294" xlink:type="simple">Faecalibacterium hominis</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> shares 99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain of <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.42636" xlink:type="simple">Faecalibacterium duncaniae</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic>. The aim of this study was to evaluate the taxonomic relationship between <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.42294" xlink:type="simple">F. hominis</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>F. duncaniae. F. duncaniae</jats:italic> JCM 31915<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> showed 73.0 % digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) value with <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.42294" xlink:type="simple">F. hominis</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> JCM 39347<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value between these two strains was 96.7 %. These results indicate that <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.42636" xlink:type="simple">F. duncaniae</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> JCM 31915<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> and <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.42294" xlink:type="simple">F. hominis</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> JCM 39347<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> represent members of the same species. Based on these data, we propose <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.42294" xlink:type="simple">Faecalibacterium hominis</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> as a later heterotypic synonym of <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.42636" xlink:type="simple">Faecalibacterium duncaniae</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic>. An emended description is provided.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.1099/ijsem.0.005995

New gene markers for classification and quantification ofFaecalibacteriumspp. in the human gut

Hiroki Tanno, Jean-Marc Chatel, Rebeca Martin, Denis Mariat, Mitsuo Sakamoto, Masao Yamazaki, Seppo Salminen, Miguel Gueimonde, Akihito Endo

FEMS Microbiology Ecology 99 ( 5 ) 2023年03月

出版者・発行元：Oxford University Press (OUP)

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a promising biomarker of a healthy human microbiota. However, previous studies reported the heterogeneity of this species and found the presence of several distinct groups at the species level among F. prausnitzii strains. Our recent study revealed that methods previously developed for quantification of F. prausnitzii were not specific to the species level because of the heterogeneity within the F. prausnitzii species and the application of 16S rRNA gene, which is an invalid genetic marker for the species. Therefore, previously available data failed to provide information on different groups, which limits our understanding of the importance of this organism for host health. Here, we propose an alternative gene marker for quantification of F. prausnitzii-related taxa. A total of nine group-specific primer pairs were designed by targeting rpoA gene sequences. The newly developed rpoA-based qPCR successfully quantified targeted groups. Application of the developed qPCR assay in six healthy adults revealed marked differences in abundance and prevalence among the different targeted groups in stool samples. The developed assay will facilitate detailed understanding of the impact of Faecalibacterium populations at the group level on human health and to understand the links between depletion of specific groups in Faecalibacterium and different human disorders.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.1093/femsec/fiad035

PubMed

Microbial composition and metabolic profiles during machine-controlled intra-factory fermentation of cocoa beans harvested in semitropical area of Japan

NISHIMURA Hiroya, SHIWA Yuh, TOMITA Satoru, ENDO Akihito

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health advpub ( 0 ) 29 - 42 2023年

記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：BMFH Press

Cocoa bean fermentation is typically performed in a spontaneous manner on farms in tropical countries or areas and involves several microbial groups. Metabolism by microbes markedly affects the quality of cocoa beans fermented and the chocolate produced thereof. The present study characterized the microbiota and their metabolic profiles in temperature- and humidity-controlled intra-factory cocoa fermentation in a semitropical area of Japan. Although environmental factors were uniform, the microbiota of cocoa beans subjected to intra-factory fermentation was not stable between tests, particularly in terms of the cell count levels and species observed. Fermentation was sometimes delayed, and fermenting microbes were present at very low levels after 24 hr of fermentation. Due to the unstable microbiota, the profiles of water-soluble compounds differed between tests, indicating the unstable qualities of the fermented cocoa beans. These results suggest the necessity of starter cultures not only in on-farm fermentation but also in machine-controlled intra-factory cocoa fermentation.

DOI： 10.12938/bmfh.2023-036

Ribotype‐dependent growth inhibition and promotion by erythritol in Cutibacterium acnes

Tadashi Fujii, Takumi Tochio, Akihito Endo

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 21 ( 10 ) 5049 - 5057 2022年05月

出版者・発行元：Wiley

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>The close balance between <jats:italic>Cutibacterium acnes</jats:italic> and the skin flora, particularly between <jats:italic>C</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>acnes</jats:italic> phylotypes, has been suggested to play an important role in the onset of acne. <jats:italic>C</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>acnes</jats:italic> has been classified into ribotypes (RTs) based on polymorphisms in its 16S rRNA sequence, with RT4 and RT5 being associated with the onset of acne and RT6 with healthy skin.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims</jats:title><jats:p>The present study investigated the impact of erythritol on the growth of <jats:italic>C</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>acnes</jats:italic> strains classified into different RTs and attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Culturing tests were performed on several RTs of <jats:italic>C. acnes</jats:italic> with or without erythritol. A transcriptional analysis of HM554 (RT6) and HM514 (RT5) was also conducted.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The growth of RT2 and RT6, RTs associated with healthy skin, was significantly promoted in a medium containing 10% (W/W) erythritol, whereas that of RT1, RT3, RT4, RT5, and RT8, RTs associated with the development of acne, was inhibited. A RNA‐seq analysis of HM554 showed that the expression of six genes (<jats:italic>EIGs</jats:italic>) potentially involved in carbohydrate metabolism was strongly induced by the presence of 10% erythritol (Log<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fold change >2.0 and <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>‐value <0.05). A comparative expression analysis by qPCR revealed that <jats:italic>EIGs</jats:italic> other than <jats:italic>g3pD</jats:italic> were strongly induced by erythritol in HM514, similar to HM554, whereas <jats:italic>g3pD</jats:italic> was only slightly induced.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Erythritol inhibited the growth of RTs associated with acne and promoted that of RTs associated with healthy skin. The enzyme encoded by <jats:italic>g3pD</jats:italic> may play an important role in the metabolism of erythritol and the dissolution of its growth inhibitory effects on <jats:italic>C</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>acnes</jats:italic>.</jats:p></jats:sec>

DOI： 10.1111/jocd.14958

PubMed

Genome-based, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic classification of Faecalibacterium strains: proposal of three novel species Faecalibacterium duncaniae sp. nov., Faecalibacterium hattorii sp. nov. and Faecalibacterium gallinarum sp. nov.

Mitsuo Sakamoto, Naomi Sakurai, Hiroki Tanno, Takao Iino, Moriya Ohkuma, Akihito Endo

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 72 ( 4 ) 35416766 2022年04月

出版者・発行元：Microbiology Society

<jats:p>
<jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.4089" xlink:type="simple">Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> is one of the most important butyrate-producing bacteria in the human gut. Previous studies have suggested the presence of several phylogenetic groups, with differences at the species level, in the species, and a taxonomic re-evaluation is thus essential for further understanding of ecology of the important human symbiont. Here we examine the phenotypic, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenomic characteristics of six <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.4089" xlink:type="simple">F. prausnitzii</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> strains (BCRC 81047<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>=ATCC 27768<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>, A2-165<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>=JCM 31915<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>, APC918/95b=JCM 39207, APC942/30−2=JCM 39208, APC924/119=JCM 39209 and APC922/41−1<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>=JCM 39210<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>) deposited in public culture collections with two reference strains of <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.40325" xlink:type="simple">Faecalibacterium butyricigenerans</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> JCM 39212<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> and <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.40326" xlink:type="simple">Faecalibacterium longum</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> JCM 39211<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>. <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="genus">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.4088" xlink:type="simple">Faecalibacterium</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> sp. JCM 17207<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> isolated from caecum of broiler chicken was also included. Three strains of <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.4089" xlink:type="simple">F. prausnitzii</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> (BCRC 81047<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>, JCM 39207 and JCM 39209) shared more than 96.6 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) and 69.6 % digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values, indicating that the three strains are members of the same species. On the other hand, the remaining three strains of <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.4089" xlink:type="simple">F. prausnitzii</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> (JCM 31915<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>, JCM 39208 and JCM 39210<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>) were clearly separated from the above three strains based on the ANI and dDDH values. Rather, JCM 39208 showed ANI and dDDH values over the cut-off values of species discrimination (>70 % dDDH and >95–96 % ANI) with <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.40326" xlink:type="simple">F. longum</jats:ext-link>
</jats:named-content>
</jats:italic> JCM 39211<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>, whereas JCM 31915<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>, JCM 39210<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> and JCM 17207<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> did not share dDDH and ANI values over the currently accepted cut-off values with any of the tested strains, including among them. Furthermore, the cellular fatty acid patterns of these strains were slightly different from other <jats:italic>
<jats:named-content content-type="species">
<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.o ...

DOI： 10.1099/ijsem.0.005379

16S rRNA gene sequence diversity in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii-complex taxa has marked impacts on quantitative analysis

Hiroki Tanno, Shintaro Maeno, Seppo Salminen, Miguel Gueimonde, Akihito Endo

FEMS Microbiology Ecology 98 ( 1 ) fiac004 2022年01月

出版者・発行元：Oxford University Press (OUP)

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
<jats:p>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has been suggested as a biomarker of a healthy microbiota in human adults. Here, we report a taxonomic study of F. prausnitzii using genomic information and evaluation of the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay by focusing on specific primers to quantify its population. Average nucleotide identity values revealed that strains deposited as F. prausnitzii in a public database were separated into eight genomogroups with significant differences at the species level. A total of six of the 10 primer pairs used in the previous studies for qPCR of F. prausnitzii contained sequence mismatches to 16S rRNA gene sequences of the tested strains with markedly different levels by in silico analysis. In vitro primer evaluation by qPCR generally agreed with the in silico analysis, and markedly reduced amount of DNA was recorded by qPCR in combination with the primer pairs containing sequence mismatches. The present study demonstrated that a part of the accumulated knowledge on F. prausnitzii is maybe based on biased results.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.1093/femsec/fiac004

PubMed

Viable fructophilic lactic acid bacteria present in honeybee-based food products 査読あり

Takatani N, Endo A.

FEMS Microbiology Letters 2021年12月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

食品 (新鮮ハチミツ) 中のフルクトフィリック乳酸菌の生菌での分布を明らかにすることで、フルクトフィリック乳酸菌の安全性を明らかにした。

Supplementation of 1-Kestose Modulates the Gut Microbiota Composition to Ameliorate Glucose Metabolism in Obesity-Prone Hosts

Ayako Watanabe, Takumi Tochio, Yoshihiro Kadota, Motoki Takahashi, Yasuyuki Kitaura, Hirohito Ishikawa, Takanori Yasutake, Masahiro Nakano, Hiroe Shinohara, Toru Kudo, Yuichiro Nishimoto, Yoshinori Mizuguchi, Akihito Endo, Yoshiharu Shimomura

Nutrients 13 ( 9 ) 2983 2021年08月

出版者・発行元：MDPI AG

<jats:p>Insulin resistance leads to the onset of medical conditions such as type 2 diabetes, and its development is associated with the alteration in the gut microbiota. Although it has been demonstrated that supplementation with prebiotics modulates the gut microbiota, limited evidence is available for effects of prebiotics on insulin resistance, especially for humans. We investigated the prebiotic effect of 1-kestose supplementation on fasting insulin concentration in obesity-prone humans and rats. In the preliminary study using rats, the hyperinsulinemia induced by high-fat diet was suppressed by intake of water with 2% (w/v) 1-kestose. In the clinical study using obese-prone volunteers, the fasting serum insulin level was significantly reduced from 6.5 µU/mL (95% CI, 5.5–7.6) to 5.3 (4.6–6.0) by the 12-week intervention with supplementation of 10 g 1-kestose/day, whereas it was not changed by the intervention with placebo (6.2 µU/mL (5.4–7.1) and 6.5 (5.5–7.6) before and after intervention, respectively). The relative abundance of fecal Bifidobacterium was significantly increased to 0.3244 (SD, 0.1526) in 1-kestose-supplemented participants compared to that in control participants (0.1971 (0.1158)). These results suggest that prebiotic intervention using 1–kestose may potentially ameliorate insulin resistance in overweight humans via the modulation of the gut microbiota. UMIN 000028824.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.3390/nu13092983

PubMed

Oligosaccharide Metabolism and Lipoteichoic Acid Production in Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus paragasseri

Tsukasa Shiraishi, Shintaro Maeno, Sayoko Kishi, Tadashi Fujii, Hiroki Tanno, Katsuaki Hirano, Takumi Tochio, Yasuhiro Tanizawa, Masanori Arita, Shin-ichi Yokota, Akihito Endo

Microorganisms 9 ( 8 ) 1590 2021年07月

出版者・発行元：MDPI AG

<jats:p>Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus paragasseri are human commensal lactobacilli that are candidates for probiotic application. Knowledge of their oligosaccharide metabolic properties is valuable for synbiotic application. The present study characterized oligosaccharide metabolic systems and their impact on lipoteichoic acid (LTA) production in the two organisms, i.e., L. gasseri JCM 1131T and L. paragasseri JCM 11657. The two strains grew well in medium with glucose but poorly in medium with raffinose, and growth rates in medium with kestose differed between the strains. Oligosaccharide metabolism markedly influenced their LTA production, and apparent molecular size of LTA in electrophoresis recovered from cells cultured with glucose and kestose differed from that from cells cultured with raffinose in the strains. On the other hand, more than 15-fold more LTA was observed in the L. gasseri cells cultured with raffinose when compared with glucose or kestose after incubation for 15 h. Transcriptome analysis identified glycoside hydrolase family 32 enzyme as a potential kestose hydrolysis enzyme in the two strains. Transcriptomic levels of multiple genes in the dlt operon, involved in D-alanine substitution of LTA, were lower in cells cultured with raffinose than in those cultured with kestose or glucose. This suggested that the different sizes of LTA observed among the carbohydrates tested were partly due to different levels of alanylation of LTA. The present study indicates that available oligosaccharide has the impact on the LTA production of the industrially important lactobacilli, which might influence their probiotic properties.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.3390/microorganisms9081590

Oligosaccharide Metabolism and Lipoteichoic Acid Production in Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus paragasseri 査読あり

Shiraishi T, Maeno S, Kishi S, Fujii T, Tanno H, Hirano K, Tochio T, Tanizawa Y, Arita M, Yokota SI, Endo A.

Microorganisms 2021年07月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

乳酸菌のオリゴ糖代謝が乳酸菌の機能性に与える影響を明らかにした

The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics 査読あり

Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, Hill C, Lebeer S, Quigley EMM, Sanders ME, Shamir R, Swann JR, Szajewska H, Vinderola G.

Nature Reiviews in Gastroengerology and Hepatology 2021年05月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

微生物の食品利用の新しい形であるポストバイオティクスについて、その定義を定めるとともに、利用例及び安全性について解説した

Niche-specific adaptation of Lactobacillus helveticus strains isolated from malt whisky and dairy fermentations

Yoshihiko Kido, Shintaro Maeno, Hiroki Tanno, Yuko Kichise, Yuh Shiwa, Akihito Endo

Microbial Genomics 7 ( 4 ) 2021年04月

出版者・発行元：Microbiology Society

DOI： 10.1099/mgen.0.000560

Host-Diet Effect on the Metabolism of Bifidobacterium

Maria Satti, Monica Modesto, Akihito Endo, Takeshi Kawashima, Paola Mattarelli, Masanori Arita

Genes 12 ( 4 ) 609 2021年04月

出版者・発行元：MDPI AG

<jats:p>Bifidobacterium has a diverse host range and shows several beneficial properties to the hosts. Many species should have co-evolved with their hosts, but the phylogeny of Bifidobacterium is dissimilar to that of host animals. The discrepancy could be linked to the niche-specific evolution due to hosts’ dietary carbohydrates. We investigated the relationship between bifidobacteria and their host diet using a comparative genomics approach. Since carbohydrates are the main class of nutrients for bifidobacterial growth, we examined the distribution of carbohydrate-active enzymes, in particular glycoside hydrolases (GHs) that metabolize unique oligosaccharides. When bifidobacterial species are classified by their distribution of GH genes, five groups arose according to their hosts’ feeding behavior. The distribution of GH genes was only weakly associated with the phylogeny of the host animals or with genomic features such as genome size. Thus, the hosts’ dietary pattern is the key determinant of the distribution and evolution of GH genes.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.3390/genes12040609

Niche-specific adaptation of Lactobacillus helveticus strains isolated from malt whisky and dairy fermentations 査読あり

Kido Y, Maeno S, Tanno H, Kichise Y, Shiwa Y, Endo A.

Microbial Genomics 2021年04月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

ウィスキーもろみ由来及び発酵乳由来の L. helveticus 菌株を比較することで、当該菌種の進化の様式について明らかにした

Species- and Age/Generation-Dependent Adherence of Bifidobacterium bifidum to Human Intestinal Mucus In Vitro

Gaku Harata, Kazutoyo Yoda, Ruipeng Wang, Kenji Miyazawa, Masayuki Sato, Fang He, Akihito Endo

Microorganisms 9 ( 3 ) 542 2021年03月

出版者・発行元：MDPI AG

<jats:p>Adhesion to intestinal mucus is the first event in the process by which intestinal microbes colonize the intestine. It plays a critical role in the initiation of interactions between gut microbes and host animals. Despite the importance, the adhesion properties of probiotics are generally characterized using porcine mucin; adhesion to human mucus has been poorly characterized. In the present study, human intestinal mucus samples were isolated from 114 fecal samples collected from healthy infants and adults. In initial screening, four out of the 13 beneficial microbes tested, including the type strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. bifidum TMC3115, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12, showed strong adhesion abilities to human mucus. The type strain of B. bifidum and TMC3115 adhered more strongly to neonatal and infant mucus than to adult mucus, while L. rhamnosus GG and B. lactis Bb12 adhered more strongly to adult mucus than to infant mucus. Similar results were obtained for ten additional strains of B. bifidum. In conclusion, age/generation-related differences were observed in the adhesion properties of B. bifidum and other strains. A deeper symbiotic relationship may exist between infants, particularly neonates, and B. bifidum based on its enhanced adhesion to neonatal intestinal mucus.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.3390/microorganisms9030542

Unique niche-specific adaptation of fructophilic lactic acid bacteria and proposal of three Apilactobacillus species as novel members of the group 査読あり

Maeno S, Nishimura H, Tanizawa Y, Dicks L, Arita M, Endo A.

BMC Microbiology 2021年02月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

フルクトフィリック乳酸菌の収斂進化の様式をゲノム解析から明らかにした

Characterization of the microbiota and chemical properties of pork loins during dry aging

Akihito Endo, Ryosuke Koizumi, Yozo Nakazawa, Yuh Shiwa, Shintaro Maeno, Yoshihiko Kido, Tomohiro Irisawa, Yoshiki Muramatsu, Kotaro Tada, Masao Yamazaki, Takao Myoda

MicrobiologyOpen 10 ( 1 ) e1157 2021年01月

出版者・発行元：Wiley

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Dry aging (DA) allows for the storage of meat without packaging at 0 to 3°C for several weeks. It enhances the production of pleasant flavors, tenderness, and juiciness in meat. Due to the long storage period and roles of indigenous microbiota in the maturation of several meat products, the microbiota of DA meat is of interest in terms of microbial contributions and food hygiene but has not yet been characterized in detail. This study identified the microbiota of pork loins during DA using culturing and culture‐independent meta‐16S rRNA gene sequencing and elucidated its characteristics. The amounts of free amino acids and profiles of aroma‐active compounds were also monitored by high‐performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, respectively. The meta‐16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that <jats:italic>Pseudomonas</jats:italic> spp. generally dominated the microbiota throughout DA; however, the culturing analysis showed marked changes in the species composition during DA. <jats:italic>Acinetobacter</jats:italic> spp. were the second most dominant bacteria before DA in the culture‐independent analysis but became a minor population during DA. The cell numbers of yeasts showed an increased tendency during DA, and <jats:italic>Debaryomyces hansenii</jats:italic> was the only microorganism isolated from all meat samples throughout DA. Well‐known foodborne pathogens were not observed in two microbiota analyses. The amounts of free amino acids were increased by DA, and the number of aroma‐active compounds and their flavor dilution values markedly changed during DA. Most microbial isolates showed positive reactions with proteolytic and lipolytic activities, suggesting their contribution to tenderness and aroma production in DA meats.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.1002/mbo3.1157

PubMed

Characterization of fructooligosaccharide metabolism and fructooligosaccharide-degrading enzymes in human commensal butyrate producers

Hiroki Tanno, Tadashi Fujii, Katsuaki Hirano, Shintaro Maeno, Takashi Tonozuka, Mitsuo Sakamoto, Moriya Ohkuma, Takumi Tochio, Akihito Endo

Gut Microbes 13 ( 1 ) 1 2021年01月

出版者・発行元：Informa UK Limited

Butyrate produced by gut microbiota has multiple beneficial effects on host health, and oligosaccharides derived from host diets and glycans originating from host mucus are major sources of its production. A significant reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria has been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancers. Although gut butyrate levels are important for host health, oligosaccharide metabolic properties in butyrate producers are poorly characterized. We studied the metabolic properties of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) and other prebiotic oligosaccharides (i.e. raffinose and xylooligosaccharides; XOSs) in gut butyrate producers. 1-Kestose (kestose) and nystose, FOSs with degrees of polymerization of 3 and 4, respectively, were also included. Fourteen species of butyrate producers were divided into four groups based on their oligosaccharide metabolic properties, which are group A (two species) metabolizing all oligosaccharides tested, group F (four species) metabolizing FOSs but not raffinose and XOSs, group XR (four species) metabolizing XOSs and/or raffinose but not FOSs, and group N (four species) metabolizing none of the oligosaccharides tested. Species assigned to groups A and XR are rich glycoside hydrolase (GH) holders, whereas those in groups F and N are the opposite. In total, 17 enzymes assigned to GH32 were observed in nine of the 14 butyrate producers tested, and species that metabolized FOSs had at least one active GH32 enzyme. The GH32 enzymes were divided into four clusters by phylogenetic analysis. Heterologous gene expression analysis revealed that the GH32 enzymes in each cluster had similar FOS degradation properties within clusters, which may be linked to the conservation/substitution of amino acids to bind with substrates in GH32 enzymes. This study provides important knowledge to understand the impact of FOS supplementation on the activation of gut butyrate producers.

DOI： 10.1080/19490976.2020.1869503

PubMed

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